APODIFORMES Peters, 1940 (1867)

This name has a complicated history. Priority would seem to indicate that Trochiliformes should be used as it dates back to Wagler, 1830 (as the suborder Trochili). However, modern usage is Apodiformes. For a long time, names based on Cypselus were used, but this is a junior subjective synonym of Apus, hence Apodiformes. For families, the updated name would retain the same priority as the original, which dates back to Huxley as Cypselomorphae. That's what the (1867) is about. Still, 1830 trumps 1867. In this case I think it's better to emphasize stability over priority and use Apodiformes, not Trochiliformes.

The Apodiformes are an old clade. Ksepka et al. (2013) have found a fossil Eocypselus from the Green River formation (about 48 milliion years old) from a lineage that seems to predate the swift/hummingbird split (the lineage, not necessarily the fossil).

Hemiprocnidae: Treeswifts Oberholser, 1906 (1852)

1 genus, 4 species HBW-5

Crested Treeswift, Hemiprocne coronata
Gray-rumped Treeswift, Hemiprocne longipennis
Whiskered Treeswift, Hemiprocne comata
Moustached Treeswift, Hemiprocne mystacea

Apodidae: Swifts Olphe-Galliard, 1887 (1836)

19 genera, 114 species HBW-5

The subfamilies and tribes follow HBW-5. Although they focus on the swiftlets, the available molecular studies suggest that some reorganization will be needed (see Thomassen et al., 2003, 2005; Price et al., 2004, 2005).

Based on Rheindt et al., the Glossy Swiftlet, Collocalia esculenta, has been split into 8 species:

Tenggara Swiftlet, Collocalia sumbawae (sumbawae and sumbae)
Christmas Island Swiftlet, Collocalia natalis (monotypic)
Plume-toed Swiftlet, Collocalia affinis (affinis, elachyptera, vanderbilti, oberholseri, cyanoptila)
Ridgetop Swiftlet, Collocalia isonota (isonota and bagobo)
Grey-rumped Swiftlet, Collocalia marginata (septentrionalis and marginata)
Drab Swiftlet, Collocalia neglecta (neglecta and perneglecta)
Glossy Swiftlet, Collocalia esculenta (all other subspecies)
Satin Swiftlet, Collocalia uropygialis (uropygialis and albidior)

The Ameline Swiftlet, Aerodramus amelis, including palawanensis, has been split from the Uniform Swiftlet, Aerodramus vanikorensis (see Price et al., 2005; Dickinson and Remsen, 2013). The Three-toed Swiftlet seems to be sister to the Giant Swiftlet, Hydrochous gigas (Price et al., 2005), and so has been moved to Hydrochous.

Tumbes Swift, Chaetura ocypetes, has been split from Short-tailed Swift, Chaetura brachyura, as in Ridgely and Greenfield (2001).

Based on Päckert et al. (2012a), Alpine Swift, Tachymarptis melba and Mottled Swift, Tachymarptis aequatorialis, have been returned to Tachymarptis (from Apus). Further, Apus has been rearranged based on their study.

Following Leader (2011), the Fork-tailed Swift, Apus pacificus, has been split into 4 species: Blyth's Swift, Apus leuconyx, Salim Ali's Swift, Apus salimalii, Pacific Swift, Apus pacificus, and Cook's Swift, Apus cooki. In fact, Päckert et al. (2012a) subsequently found that Cook's Swift is more closely related to the Dark-rumped Swift than to the Pacific Swift. They did not include Blyth's or Salim Ali's Swifts, but it is likely that they are closer to Pacific, and that the Dark-rumped/Pacific complexes are themselves sisters.

Cypseloidinae: Primitive American Swifts Brooke, 1970

Spot-fronted Swift, Cypseloides cherriei
White-chinned Swift, Cypseloides cryptus
White-fronted Swift, Cypseloides storeri
Black Swift / American Black Swift, Cypseloides niger
White-chested Swift, Cypseloides lemosi
Rothschild's Swift, Cypseloides rothschildi
Sooty Swift, Cypseloides fumigatus
Great Dusky Swift, Cypseloides senex
Chestnut-collared Swift, Streptoprocne rutila
Tepui Swift, Streptoprocne phelpsi
White-collared Swift, Streptoprocne zonaris
Biscutate Swift, Streptoprocne biscutata
White-naped Swift, Streptoprocne semicollaris

Apodinae Olphe-Galliard, 1887 (1836)

Collocalini: Swiftlets Bonaparte, 1853 (1852)

Pygmy Swiftlet, Collocalia troglodytes
Tenggara Swiftlet, Collocalia sumbawae
Bornean Swiftlet, Collocalia dodgei
Cave Swiftlet, Collocalia linchi
Christmas Island Swiftlet, Collocalia natalis
Plume-toed Swiftlet, Collocalia affinis
Ridgetop Swiftlet, Collocalia isonota
Grey-rumped Swiftlet, Collocalia marginata
Drab Swiftlet, Collocalia neglecta
Glossy Swiftlet, Collocalia esculenta
Satin Swiftlet, Collocalia uropygialis
Giant Swiftlet, Hydrochous gigas
Three-toed Swiftlet, Hydrochous papuensis
Black-nest Swiftlet, Aerodramus maximus
Indian Swiftlet, Aerodramus unicolor
Himalayan Swiftlet, Aerodramus brevirostris
Volcano Swiftlet, Aerodramus vulcanorum
Whitehead's Swiftlet, Aerodramus whiteheadi
Bare-legged Swiftlet, Aerodramus nuditarsus
Mayr's Swiftlet, Aerodramus orientalis
Halmahera Swiftlet, Aerodramus infuscatus
Sulawesi Swiftlet, Aerodramus sororum
Seram Swiftlet, Aerodramus ceramensis
Mountain Swiftlet, Aerodramus hirundinaceus
Australian Swiftlet, Aerodramus terraereginae
Uniform Swiftlet, Aerodramus vanikorensis
Marquesan Swiftlet, Aerodramus ocistus
Tahiti Swiftlet, Aerodramus leucophaeus
Atiu Swiftlet, Aerodramus sawtelli
Island Swiftlet, Aerodramus inquietus
Palau Swiftlet, Aerodramus pelewensis
Mariana Swiftlet, Aerodramus bartschi
Ameline Swiftlet, Aerodramus amelis
Philippine Swiftlet, Aerodramus mearnsi
White-rumped Swiftlet, Aerodramus spodiopygius
Seychelles Swiftlet, Aerodramus elaphrus
Mascarene Swiftlet, Aerodramus francicus
Germain's Swiftlet, Aerodramus germani
Edible-nest Swiftlet, Aerodramus fuciphagus
Mossy-nest Swiftlet, Aerodramus salangana
Scarce Swift, Schoutedenapus myoptilus
Schouteden's Swift, Schoutedenapus schoutedeni

Chaeturini: Needletails Bonaparte, 1857

Philippine Spinetailed-Swift, Mearnsia picina
Papuan Spinetailed-Swift, Mearnsia novaeguineae
Madagascan Spinetail, Zoonavena grandidieri
Sao Tome Spinetail, Zoonavena thomensis
White-rumped Spinetail, Zoonavena sylvatica
Mottled Spinetail, Telacanthura ussheri
Black Spinetail, Telacanthura melanopygia
Silver-rumped Spinetail, Rhaphidura leucopygialis
Sabine's Spinetail, Rhaphidura sabini
Cassin's Spinetail, Neafrapus cassini
Boehm's Spinetail, Neafrapus boehmi
White-throated Needletail, Hirundapus caudacutus
Silver-backed Needletail, Hirundapus cochinchinensis
Brown-backed Needletail, Hirundapus giganteus
Purple Needletail, Hirundapus celebensis
Lesser Antillean Swift, Chaetura martinica
Band-rumped Swift, Chaetura spinicaudus
Costa Rican Swift, Chaetura fumosa
Gray-rumped Swift, Chaetura cinereiventris
Pale-rumped Swift, Chaetura egregia
Vaux's Swift, Chaetura vauxi
Chimney Swift, Chaetura pelagica
Chapman's Swift, Chaetura chapmani
Amazonian Swift / Mato Grosso Swift, Chaetura viridipennis
Sick's Swift, Chaetura meridionalis
Short-tailed Swift, Chaetura brachyura
Tumbes Swift, Chaetura ocypetes

Apodini: Typical Swifts Olphe-Galliard, 1887 (1836)

White-throated Swift, Aeronautes saxatalis
White-tipped Swift, Aeronautes montivagus
Andean Swift, Aeronautes andecolus
Antillean Palm-Swift, Tachornis phoenicobia
Pygmy Swift / Pygmy Palm-Swift, Tachornis furcata
Fork-tailed Palm-Swift / Neotropical Palm-Swift, Tachornis squamata
Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift, Panyptila cayennensis
Great Swallow-tailed Swift, Panyptila sanctihieronymi
African Palm-Swift, Cypsiurus parvus
Asian Palm-Swift, Cypsiurus balasiensis
Alpine Swift, Tachymarptis melba
Mottled Swift, Tachymarptis aequatorialis
Dark-rumped Swift, Apus acuticauda
Cook's Swift, Apus cooki
Blyth's Swift, Apus leuconyx
Salim Ali's Swift, Apus salimalii
Pacific Swift, Apus pacificus
White-rumped Swift, Apus caffer
Bates's Swift, Apus batesi
Horus Swift, Apus horus
Little Swift, Apus affinis
House Swift, Apus nipalensis
Nyanza Swift, Apus niansae
Malagasy Black-Swift, Apus balstoni
Bradfield's Swift, Apus bradfieldi
African Black-Swift, Apus barbatus
Fernando Po Swift, Apus sladeniae
Cape Verde Swift, Apus alexandri
Forbes-Watson's Swift, Apus berliozi
Plain Swift, Apus unicolor
Common Swift, Apus apus
Pallid Swift, Apus pallidus

Trochilidae: Hummingbirds Vigors, 1825

103 genera, 350 species HBW-5

Click for Trochilidae genera

Hummingbird taxonomy has been substantially revised in the 21st century. Past editions of this page have been based on Altshuler et al. (2004), McGuire et al. (2007, 2009), and Kirchman et al. (2010). It is now based on the phylogeny of McGuire et al. (2014) which includes 85% of all hummingbird species. Although some of the details differ, the AOU's SACC has also adopted this type of arrangement.

The subfamilies and tribes represent some of the natural groupings in McGuire et al. (2014). The treatment here is similar to that of H&M-4 (Dickinson and Remsen, 2013), but differs in several respects. I have acknowledged the deep divisions within Florisuginae and Phaethornithinae by dividing them into two tribes each, Topazini (Topazes) and Florisugini (Jacobins), and Eutoxerini (Sicklebills) and Phaethornithini (Hermits). I treat the Giant Hummingbird as a monotypic tribe (Patagonini) within Trochilinae rather than a subfamily sister to Trochilinae. And last, I've separated the core emeralds (Cynanthini) from the Amazilia group (Trochilini). The time-calibrated tree in McGuire et al. (2014) suggests that all three subfamilies originated about 20-22 mya and that the tribes from 12-20 mya. I suspect that the timing on their tree is a somewhat compressed, even though the swift-hummingbird split agrees with Jarvis et al. (2014). Ksepka and Clarke's (2015) analysis of the fossil record concludes that the swift-hummingbird split occurred earlier, no later than 51 mya.

There are also fairly deep divisions in the mangos, between the lancebill-violetear clade, the sungem-fairy clade, and the rest. These could be recognized as tribes—Petasophorini (violetears, based on Petasophora = Colibri), Heliothrichini(fairies), and Polytmini (mangos). However, I'm not sure that doing so really adds that much information.

There is an issue concerning one of of the tribe names. I've used Coeligenini (Eudes-Deslongchamps 1881) and as if it were a pre-1961 replacement name for Heliantheini (Reichenbach 1853). The problem is that until 2009, neither name was in prevailing usage, so that article 40.2 of the ICZN Code does not really apply. The problem would be even worse if Docimastini (Reichenbach 1853 based on Docimastes Gould 1849 = Ensifera Lesson 1843) had not been eliminated from consideration by the first reviser action of Dickinson and Remsen (2013).

McGuire et al. (2009) proposed use of Coeligenini as a Phylocode clade name. This has gained some traction. To avoid confusion, I also use Coeligenini and treat it a replacement for the name Heliantheini, although it may not stricly follow the the Code. If that bothers you, think of it as a Phylocode clade name (other such names are used elsewhere). Since Dickinson and Remsen (2013) adopted Heliantheini, it may come back into common use, in which case I will reconsider.

Hummingbird Generic Changes

Compared to H&M-4 (Dickinson and Remsen, 2013), there have been a number of genus changes in the hummingbirds:

Eulampis (Boie 1831) has been merged into Anthracothorax (Boie 1831). Priority was determined by the first reviser action of Remsen et al. (2015).
Chalcostigma (Reichenbach 1854) and Oreonympha (Gould 1869) have been merged into Oxypogon (Gould 1848).
The Marvelous Spatuletail (Loddigesia Bonaparte 1850) has been merged into Eriocnemis (Reichenbach 1849). This causes a name conflict as two species are mirabilis. The Marvelous Spatuletail gets to keep the name, and the Colorful Puffleg needs a new name. As none is available, I refer to it as Eriocnemis "mirabilis" for now.
Clytolaema (Gould 1853) has been merged into Heliodoxa (Gould 1850).
Nesophlox (Ridgway 1910) and Philodice (Mulsant, Verreaux and Verreaux 1866, type mitchellii) have been separated from Calliphlox, which is left with a single species. Note that Nesophlox may consist of two species (Feo et al., 2015).
Atthis (Reichenbach 1854) has been merged into Selasphorus (Swainson 1832). Selasphorus already includes Stellula (AOU supplement 53 and McGuire et al., 2009).
Basilinna (Boie 1831, type leucotis) has been separated from Hylocharis.
Pampa (Reichenbach 1854, type pampa) has been separated from Campylopterus.
Chlorostilbon (Gould 1853) and Cyanophaia (Reichenbach 1854) have been merged into Cynanthus (Swainson 1827).
The Mexican Woodnymph has been moved to Eupherusa from Thalurania..
Talaphorus (Simon 1910, type hypostictus) and Thaumasius (Sclater 1879, type taczanowskii) have been separated from Leucippus, which is now reduced to a single species.
Saucerottia (Bonaparte 1850, type saucerrottei) has been separated from Amazilia.
Lepidopyga (Reichenbach 1855) has been merged into Chrysuronia (Bonaparte 1850), which has been separated from Amazilia and has also gained two former members of Hylocharis.
The remaining Hylocharis have been augmented with some former members of Amazilia.
Polyerata (Heine 1863, type amabilis) has been separated from Amazilia.
Chlorestes (Reichenbach 1854, type notata) has been augmented with Juliamyia (not Damophila Reichenbach 1854, which is preoccupied by the moth genus Damophila Curtis 1832), two former Hylocharis and one former Amazilia.

Hummingbird Hybrid

Pérez-Emán et al. (2017) found that the Bogota Sunangel was actually a hybrid. Kirchman et al.'s (2010) finding that it was related to Sylphs was incorrect due to considering insufficient mitochondrial DNA from sylph species. Broader sampling revealed that the Bogota Sunangel shares a haplotype with the Long-tailed Sylph, Aglaiocercus kingii. This is a strong indication that its mother was a Long-tailed Sylph, and that the Bogota Sunangel was a hybrid.

Hummingbird Splits and Lumps

The Mexican Hermit, Phaethornis mexicanus, has been spilt from Long-billed Hermit, Phaethornis longirostris. See Howell (2013), and Arbeláz-Cortés and Navarro-Sigüenza (2013).

The Green Violetear, Colibri thalassinus, has been split into Mexican Violetear, Colibri thalassinus, and Lesser Violetear, Colibri cyanotus based on Remsen et al. (2015).

The Speckled Hummingbird, Adelomyia melanogenys, may include 5-6 species, one of them unnamed (Chaves and Smith, 2011; Chaves et al., 2011).

The Bearded Helmetcrest, Oxypogon guerinii has been split into: Green-bearded Helmetcrest, Oxypogon guerinii, Blue-bearded Helmetcrest, Oxypogon cyanolaemus, White-bearded Helmetcrest, Oxypogon lindenii, and Buffy Helmetcrest, Oxypogon stuebelii based on Collar and Salaman (2013).

It has long been argued that the distinctive Admirable Hummingbird, Eugenes spectabilis, of Costa Rica and Panama should be considered a separate species from the more northern Magnificent Hummingbird, Eugenes fulgens. Indeed, some authors have split them. Now there is genetic evidence to support this. Zamudio-Beltran et al. (2015) Admirable separated by a healthy 6 percent mitochondrial genetic distance. They also suggest subdividing fulgens and giving viridiceps species status. I don't see that they really provide evidence for this. They find that fulgens and viridiceps are not reciprocally monophyletic (strike 1), that there are no known plumage distinctions (strike 2), and that the mitochondrial genetic distance between fulgens and the viridiceps is relatively modest, less that 1 percent (strike 3).

Purple-throated Mountain-gem Lampornis calolaemus

Monteverde, Costa Rica, 2003

The proper taxonomic treatment of the Lampornis castaneoventris complex remains unclear. There are three forms: with purple throats and blue tails (calolaemus, pectoralis, and homogenes), with white throats and blue tails (castaneoventris), and with white throats and gray tails (cinereicauda). They could represent subspecies of one species, the Variable Mountain-gem, as in Schuchman (1999 = HBW-5). Or the AOU could be right that they are two species, the Purple-throated Mountain-gem, Lampornis calolaemus, and the White-throated Mountain-gem, Lampornis castaneoventris (including cinereicauda). Alternatively, Stiles and Skutch (1989) and the IOC treat them as three allospecies, with Lampornis cinereicauda taking the name Gray-tailed Mountain-gem.

The DNA analysis revealed that these taxa are very closely related (García-Moreno et al., 2006), and is consistent with lumping all three forms into Variable Mountain-gem. However, although the ranges do meet, there is only limited evidence of hybridization, suggesting that they are best treated as three allospecies. That is the course followed here. In truth, there is insufficient data and a detailed study would be useful.

García-Moreno et al. (2006) found some evidence that White-bellied Mountain-gem, Lampornis hemileucus, does not belong with the other Lampornis but is closer to Panterpe. However, McGuire et al. (2009, 2014), which used a superset of the genes studied by García-Moreno et al., found the White-bellied Mountain-gem does in fact belong with other Lampornis.

Doubleday's Hummingbird, Chlorostilbon doubledayi, has been split from Broad-billed Hummingbird, Chlorostilbon latirostris. These two taxa have easily distinguished plumage, and in spite of the fact that their ranges abut one another, seem to be reciprocally monophyletic (García-Deras et al., 2008). In short, they appear to be distinct species, as treated by IOC, HBW-5 (Schuchmann, 1999), and Howell and Webb (1995), but not AOU.

Based on Feo et al. (2015) and the 56th AOU supplement, the Inagua Woodstar, Nesophlox lyrura, has been split from the Bahama Woodstar, Nesophlox evelynae.

Based on Gonzalez et al. (2011) and Navarro-Sigüenza, and Peterson (2004), the Wedge-tailed Sabrewing, Pampa (Campylopterus) curvipennis, has been split into Curve-winged Sabrewing, Pampa curvipennis (sister to Long-tailed Sabrewing, Pampa excellens) and Wedge-tailed Sabrewing, Pampa pampa, of the Yucatan.

The Dry Forest Sabrewing, Campylopterus calcirupicola, is recognized as a separate species related to the Gray-breasted Sabrewing, Campylopterus largipennis. See SACC #756 and Lopes et al. (2017). Lopes et al. and SACC #755 suggest there are additional species in this complex.

The Blossom-crown, Anthocephala floriceps, has been split into Santa Marta Blossomcrown, Anthocephala floriceps, and Tolima Blossomcrown, Anthocephala berlepschi. See Lozano-Jaramillo et al. (2014) and SACC proposal #654 (under consideration).

The Plovercrest, Stephanoxis lalandi, has been split into Purple-crowned Plovercrest, Stephanoxis loddigesii, and Green-crowned Plovercrest, Stephanoxis lalandi. See Cavarzere et al. (2014) and SACC proposal #664 (under consideration).

The Violet-crowned Woodnymph, Thalurania colombica, and Green-crowned Woodnymph, Thalurania fannyi, have been merged into Crowned Woodnymph, Thalurania colombica. See SACC proposal #558. Note that AOU's NACC has not acted on this yet.

The Streamertail, Trochilus polytmus, was split into Red-billed Streamertail, Trochilus polytmus, and Black-billed Streamertail, Trochilus scitulus. The AOU maintains these as one species, but Gill et al. (1973) provides evidence of a narrow hybrid zone. Accordingly, I've decided to follow the IOC and HBW-5 (Schuchmann, 1999) on this one.

Finally, the Blue-vented Hummingbird, Saucerottia hoffmanni, of Nicaragua and Costa Rica, has been split from the Steely-vented Hummingbird, Saucerottia saucerottei.

All this means there are seven non-AOU species in the list: Mexican Hermit, Gray-tailed Mountain-gem, Wedge-tailed Sabrewing, Doubleday's Hummingbird, Curve-winged Sabrewing, Black-billed Streamertail, and Blue-vented Hummingbird.

Florisuginae: Topazes and Jacobins Bonaparte, 1853

Topazini: Topazes Bonaparte, 1853

Fiery Topaz, Topaza pyra

Click for Topazes & Hermits tree
Crimson Topaz, Topaza pella

Florisugini: Jacobins Simon, 1921

White-necked Jacobin, Florisuga mellivora
Black Jacobin, Florisuga fusca

Phaethornithinae: Hermits and Sicklebills Jardine, 1833

Eutoxerini: Sicklebills Simon, 1921

White-tipped Sicklebill, Eutoxeres aquila
Buff-tailed Sicklebill, Eutoxeres condamini

Phaethornithini: Hermits Jardine, 1833

Saw-billed Hermit, Ramphodon naevius
Bronzy Hermit, Glaucis aeneus
Rufous-breasted Hermit, Glaucis hirsutus
Hook-billed Hermit, Glaucis dohrnii
Band-tailed Barbthroat, Threnetes ruckeri
Pale-tailed Barbthroat, Threnetes leucurus
Sooty Barbthroat, Threnetes niger
Broad-tipped Hermit, Anopetia gounellei
White-bearded Hermit, Phaethornis hispidus
Tawny-bellied Hermit, Phaethornis syrmatophorus
Mexican Hermit, Phaethornis mexicanus
Long-billed Hermit, Phaethornis longirostris
Green Hermit, Phaethornis guy
White-whiskered Hermit, Phaethornis yaruqui
Great-billed Hermit, Phaethornis malaris
Long-tailed Hermit, Phaethornis superciliosus
Straight-billed Hermit, Phaethornis bourcieri
Koepcke's Hermit, Phaethornis koepckeae
Needle-billed Hermit, Phaethornis philippii
Buff-bellied Hermit, Phaethornis subochraceus
Scale-throated Hermit, Phaethornis eurynome
Sooty-capped Hermit, Phaethornis augusti
Planalto Hermit, Phaethornis pretrei
Pale-bellied Hermit, Phaethornis anthophilus
Stripe-throated Hermit, Phaethornis striigularis
Gray-chinned Hermit, Phaethornis griseogularis
Black-throated Hermit, Phaethornis atrimentalis
Reddish Hermit, Phaethornis ruber
White-browed Hermit, Phaethornis stuarti
Dusky-throated Hermit, Phaethornis squalidus
Streak-throated Hermit, Phaethornis rupurumii
Cinnamon-throated Hermit, Phaethornis nattereri
Little Hermit, Phaethornis longuemareus
Tapajos Hermit, Phaethornis aethopygus
Minute Hermit, Phaethornis idaliae

Polytminae: Mangoes Reichenbach, 1849

Green-fronted Lancebill, Doryfera ludovicae

Click for Mango tree
Blue-fronted Lancebill, Doryfera johannae
Wedge-billed Hummingbird, Schistes geoffroyi
Hooded Visorbearer, Augastes lumachella
Hyacinth Visorbearer, Augastes scutatus
White-vented Violetear, Colibri serrirostris
Sparkling Violetear, Colibri coruscans
Brown Violetear, Colibri delphinae
Mexican Violetear, Colibri thalassinus
Lesser Violetear, Colibri cyanotus
Horned Sungem, Heliactin bilophus
Tooth-billed Hummingbird, Androdon aequatorialis
Purple-crowned Fairy, Heliothryx barroti
Black-eared Fairy, Heliothryx auritus
White-tailed Goldenthroat, Polytmus guainumbi
Green-tailed Goldenthroat, Polytmus theresiae
Tepui Goldenthroat, Polytmus milleri
Fiery-tailed Awlbill, Avocettula recurvirostris
Ruby-topaz Hummingbird, Chrysolampis mosquitus
Jamaican Mango, Anthracothorax mango
Black-throated Mango, Anthracothorax nigricollis
Green-throated Mango, Anthracothorax viridigula
Green-breasted Mango, Anthracothorax prevostii
Veraguan Mango, Anthracothorax veraguensis
Antillean Mango, Anthracothorax dominicus
Green Mango, Anthracothorax viridis
Green-throated Carib, Anthracothorax holosericeus
Purple-throated Carib, Anthracothorax jugularis

Lesbiinae: Coquettes & Brilliants Reichenbach, 1853

Lesbiini: Coquettes Reichenbach, 1853

Green-backed Firecrown, Sephanoides sephaniodes

Click for Coquette tree
Juan Fernandez Firecrown, Sephanoides fernandensis
Racket-tailed Coquette, Discosura longicaudus
Green Thorntail, Discosura conversii
Wire-crested Thorntail, Discosura popelairii
Black-bellied Thorntail, Discosura langsdorffi
Coppery Thorntail / Letitia's Thorntail, Discosura letitiae
Tufted Coquette, Lophornis ornatus
Dot-eared Coquette, Lophornis gouldii
Frilled Coquette, Lophornis magnificus
Black-crested Coquette, Lophornis helenae
White-crested Coquette, Lophornis adorabilis
Peacock Coquette, Lophornis pavoninus
Festive Coquette, Lophornis chalybeus
Short-crested Coquette, Lophornis brachylophus
Rufous-crested Coquette, Lophornis delattrei
Spangled Coquette, Lophornis stictolophus
Ecuadorian Piedtail, Phlogophilus hemileucurus
Peruvian Piedtail, Phlogophilus harterti
Royal Sunangel, Heliangelus regalis
Gorgeted Sunangel, Heliangelus strophianus
Orange-throated Sunangel, Heliangelus mavors
Amethyst-throated Sunangel, Heliangelus amethysticollis
Little Sunangel / Flame-throated Sunangel, Heliangelus micraster
Tourmaline Sunangel, Heliangelus exortis
Purple-throated Sunangel, Heliangelus viola
Speckled Hummingbird, Adelomyia melanogenys
Gray-bellied Comet, Taphrolesbia griseiventris
Long-tailed Sylph, Aglaiocercus kingii
Violet-tailed Sylph, Aglaiocercus coelestis
Venezuelan Sylph, Aglaiocercus berlepschi
Red-tailed Comet, Sappho sparganurus
Black-tailed Trainbearer, Lesbia victoriae
Green-tailed Trainbearer, Lesbia nuna
Black-backed Thornbill, Ramphomicron dorsale
Purple-backed Thornbill, Ramphomicron microrhynchum
Wedge-tailed Hillstar, Oreotrochilus adela
Andean Hillstar, Oreotrochilus estella
Ecuadorian Hillstar, Oreotrochilus chimborazo
Black-breasted Hillstar, Oreotrochilus melanogaster
White-sided Hillstar, Oreotrochilus leucopleurus
Mountain Avocetbill, Opisthoprora euryptera
Bronze-tailed Comet, Polyonymus caroli
Rainbow-bearded Thornbill, Oxypogon herrani
Rufous-capped Thornbill, Oxypogon ruficeps
Olivaceous Thornbill, Oxypogon olivaceus
Bearded Mountaineer, Oxypogon nobilis
Bronze-tailed Thornbill, Oxypogon heteropogon
Blue-mantled Thornbill, Oxypogon stanleyi
Blue-bearded Helmetcrest, Oxypogon cyanolaemus
White-bearded Helmetcrest, Oxypogon lindenii
Buffy Helmetcrest, Oxypogon stuebelii
Green-bearded Helmetcrest, Oxypogon guerinii
Black Metaltail, Metallura phoebe
Tyrian Metaltail, Metallura tyrianthina
Perija Metaltail, Metallura iracunda
Scaled Metaltail, Metallura aeneocauda
Coppery Metaltail, Metallura theresiae
Fire-throated Metaltail / Fiery-throated Metaltail, Metallura eupogon
Neblina Metaltail, Metallura odomae
Viridian Metaltail, Metallura williami
Violet-throated Metaltail, Metallura baroni

Coeligenini: Brilliants Eudes-Deslongchamps 1881 (1853)

Hoary Puffleg, Haplophaedia lugens

Click for Brilliants tree
Greenish Puffleg, Haplophaedia aureliae
Buff-thighed Puffleg, Haplophaedia assimilis
Colorful Puffleg, Eriocnemis "mirabilis"
Emerald-bellied Puffleg, Eriocnemis aline
Sapphire-vented Puffleg, Eriocnemis luciani
Black-thighed Puffleg, Eriocnemis derbyi
Coppery-bellied Puffleg, Eriocnemis cupreoventris
Turquoise-throated Puffleg, Eriocnemis godini
Marvelous Spatuletail, Eriocnemis mirabilis
Blue-capped Puffleg, Eriocnemis glaucopoides
Golden-breasted Puffleg, Eriocnemis mosquera
Glowing Puffleg, Eriocnemis vestita
Gorgeted Puffleg, Eriocnemis isabellae
Black-breasted Puffleg, Eriocnemis nigrivestis
Mountain Velvetbreast, Lafresnaya lafresnayi
Shining Sunbeam, Aglaeactis cupripennis
Purple-backed Sunbeam, Aglaeactis aliciae
White-tufted Sunbeam, Aglaeactis castelnaudii
Black-hooded Sunbeam, Aglaeactis pamela
Black Inca, Coeligena prunellei
Bronzy Inca, Coeligena coeligena
Brown Inca, Coeligena wilsoni
Collared Inca, Coeligena torquata
Violet-throated Starfrontlet, Coeligena violifer
Rainbow Starfrontlet, Coeligena iris
White-tailed Starfrontlet, Coeligena phalerata
Dusky Starfrontlet, Coeligena orina
Buff-winged Starfrontlet, Coeligena lutetiae
Golden-bellied Starfrontlet, Coeligena bonapartei
Blue-throated Starfrontlet, Coeligena helianthea
Sword-billed Hummingbird, Ensifera ensifera
Great Sapphirewing, Pterophanes cyanopterus
Velvet-purple Coronet, Boissonneaua jardini
Buff-tailed Coronet, Boissonneaua flavescens
Chestnut-breasted Coronet, Boissonneaua matthewsii
Booted Racket-tail, Ocreatus underwoodii
Purple-bibbed Whitetip, Urosticte benjamini
Rufous-vented Whitetip, Urosticte ruficrissa
White-tailed Hillstar, Urochroa bougueri
Violet-chested Hummingbird, Sternoclyta cyanopectus
Scissor-tailed Hummingbird, Hylonympha macrocerca
Black-throated Brilliant, Heliodoxa schreibersii
Velvet-browed Brilliant, Heliodoxa xanthogonys
Pink-throated Brilliant, Heliodoxa gularis
Rufous-webbed Brilliant, Heliodoxa branickii
Gould's Jewelfront, Heliodoxa aurescens
Brazilian Ruby, Heliodoxa rubricauda
Green-crowned Brilliant, Heliodoxa jacula
Violet-fronted Brilliant, Heliodoxa leadbeateri
Fawn-breasted Brilliant, Heliodoxa rubinoides
Empress Brilliant, Heliodoxa imperatrix

Trochilinae: Hummingbirds Vigors, 1825

Patagonini: Giant Hummingbird Bonaparte, 1853

Giant Hummingbird, Patagona gigas

Click for Giant Hummingbird,
Mountain-gems,
and Bees tree

Lampornini: Mountain-Gems Jardine, 1833

Garnet-throated Hummingbird, Lamprolaima rhami
Magnificent Hummingbird / Rivoli's Hummingbird, Eugenes fulgens
Admirable Hummingbird, Eugenes spectabilis
Fiery-throated Hummingbird, Panterpe insignis
Plain-capped Starthroat, Heliomaster constantii
Long-billed Starthroat, Heliomaster longirostris
Stripe-breasted Starthroat, Heliomaster squamosus
Blue-tufted Starthroat, Heliomaster furcifer
White-bellied Mountain-gem, Lampornis hemileucus
Blue-throated Hummingbird / Blue-throated Mountain-gem, Lampornis clemenciae
Amethyst-throated Hummingbird / Amethyst-throated Mountain-gem, Lampornis amethystinus
Green-throated Mountain-gem, Lampornis viridipallens
Green-breasted Mountain-gem, Lampornis sybillae
Gray-tailed Mountain-gem, Lampornis cinereicauda
Purple-throated Mountain-gem, Lampornis calolaemus
White-throated Mountain-gem, Lampornis castaneoventris

Mellisugini: Bees G.R. Gray, 1848

Sparkling-tailed Hummingbird / Sparkling-tailed Woodstar, Tilmatura dupontii
Amethyst Woodstar, Calliphlox amethystina
Oasis Hummingbird, Rhodopis vesper
Purple-collared Woodstar, Myrtis fanny
Short-tailed Woodstar, Myrmia micrura
Peruvian Sheartail, Thaumastura cora
Chilean Woodstar, Eulidia yarrellii
Magenta-throated Woodstar, Philodice bryantae
Purple-throated Woodstar, Philodice mitchellii
Slender-tailed Woodstar, Microstilbon burmeisteri
Rufous-shafted Woodstar, Chaetocercus jourdanii
White-bellied Woodstar, Chaetocercus mulsant
Little Woodstar, Chaetocercus bombus
Gorgeted Woodstar, Chaetocercus heliodor
Santa Marta Woodstar, Chaetocercus astreans
Esmeraldas Woodstar, Chaetocercus berlepschi
Mexican Sheartail, Doricha eliza
Slender Sheartail, Doricha enicura
Lucifer Hummingbird / Lucifer Sheartail, Calothorax lucifer
Beautiful Hummingbird / Beautiful Sheartail, Calothorax pulcher
Black-chinned Hummingbird, Archilochus alexandri
Ruby-throated Hummingbird, Archilochus colubris
Bahama Woodstar, Nesophlox evelynae
Inagua Woodstar, Nesophlox lyrura
Bee Hummingbird, Mellisuga helenae
Vervain Hummingbird, Mellisuga minima
Anna's Hummingbird, Calypte anna
Costa's Hummingbird, Calypte costae
Broad-tailed Hummingbird, Selasphorus platycercus
Rufous Hummingbird, Selasphorus rufus
Calliope Hummingbird, Selasphorus calliope
Allen's Hummingbird, Selasphorus sasin
Bumblebee Hummingbird, Selasphorus heloisa
Wine-throated Hummingbird, Selasphorus ellioti
Volcano Hummingbird, Selasphorus flammula
Scintillant Hummingbird, Selasphorus scintilla
Glow-throated Hummingbird, Selasphorus ardens

Cynanthini: Emeralds Jardine, 1833

White-eared Hummingbird, Basilinna leucotis

Click for Emeralds tree
Xantus's Hummingbird, Basilinna xantusii
Wedge-tailed Sabrewing, Pampa pampa
Curve-winged Sabrewing, Pampa curvipennis
Long-tailed Sabrewing, Pampa excellens
Emerald-chinned Hummingbird, Abeillia abeillei
Violet-headed Hummingbird, Klais guimeti
Antillean Crested Hummingbird, Orthorhyncus cristatus
Santa Marta Blossomcrown, Anthocephala floriceps
Tolima Blossomcrown, Anthocephala berlepschi
Purple-crowned Plovercrest, Stephanoxis loddigesii
Green-crowned Plovercrest, Stephanoxis lalandi
Gray-breasted Sabrewing, Campylopterus largipennis
Dry Forest Sabrewing, Campylopterus calcirupicola
Violet Sabrewing, Campylopterus hemileucurus
Rufous Sabrewing, Campylopterus rufus
Buff-breasted Sabrewing, Campylopterus duidae
Rufous-breasted Sabrewing, Campylopterus hyperythrus
Napo Sabrewing, Campylopterus villaviscensio
Santa Marta Sabrewing, Campylopterus phainopeplus
Lazuline Sabrewing, Campylopterus falcatus
White-tailed Sabrewing, Campylopterus ensipennis
Dusky Hummingbird, Cynanthus sordidus
Blue-headed Hummingbird, Cynanthus bicolor
Brace's Emerald, Cynanthus bracei
Cuban Emerald, Cynanthus ricordii
Caribbean Emerald / Gould's Emerald, Cynanthus elegans
Hispaniolan Emerald, Cynanthus swainsonii
Puerto Rican Emerald, Cynanthus maugaeus
Coppery Emerald, Cynanthus russatus
Broad-billed Hummingbird, Cynanthus latirostris
Doubleday's Hummingbird, Cynanthus doubledayi
Golden-crowned Emerald, Cynanthus auriceps
Cozumel Emerald, Cynanthus forficatus
Canivet's Emerald, Cynanthus canivetii
Garden Emerald, Cynanthus assimilis
Western Emerald, Cynanthus melanorhynchus
Green-tailed Emerald, Cynanthus alice
Narrow-tailed Emerald, Cynanthus stenurus
Short-tailed Emerald, Cynanthus poortmani
Glittering-bellied Emerald, Cynanthus lucidus
Blue-tailed Emerald, Cynanthus mellisugus
Red-billed Emerald, Cynanthus gibsoni
Chiribiquete Emerald, Cynanthus olivaresi

Trochilini: Amazilias Vigors, 1825

Bronze-tailed Plumeleteer, Chalybura urochrysia

Click for Amazilias tree
White-vented Plumeleteer, Chalybura buffonii
Violet-capped Woodnymph, Thalurania glaucopis
Long-tailed Woodnymph, Thalurania watertonii
Crowned Woodnymph, Thalurania colombica
Fork-tailed Woodnymph, Thalurania furcata
Snowcap, Microchera albocoronata
Coppery-headed Emerald, Elvira cupreiceps
White-tailed Emerald, Elvira chionura
Violet-capped Hummingbird, Goldmania violiceps
Pirre Hummingbird, Goethalsia bella
Mexican Woodnymph, Eupherusa ridgwayi
White-tailed Hummingbird, Eupherusa poliocerca
Blue-capped Hummingbird / Oaxaca Hummingbird, Eupherusa cyanophrys
Stripe-tailed Hummingbird, Eupherusa eximia
Black-bellied Hummingbird, Eupherusa nigriventris
Scaly-breasted Hummingbird, Phaeochroa cuvierii
Buffy Hummingbird, Leucippus fallax
Tumbes Hummingbird, Thaumasius baeri
Spot-throated Hummingbird, Thaumasius taczanowskii
Many-spotted Hummingbird, Taphrospilus hypostictus
Swallow-tailed Hummingbird, Eupetomena macroura
Sombre Hummingbird, Aphantochroa cirrochloris
Olive-spotted Hummingbird, Talaphorus chlorocercus
Red-billed Streamertail / Streamertail, Trochilus polytmus
Black-billed Streamertail, Trochilus scitulus
Violet-crowned Hummingbird, Saucerottia violiceps
Green-fronted Hummingbird, Saucerottia viridifrons
Azure-crowned Hummingbird, Saucerottia cyanocephala
Blue-vented Hummingbird, Saucerottia hoffmanni
Berylline Hummingbird, Saucerottia beryllina
Blue-tailed Hummingbird, Saucerottia cyanura
Snowy-bellied Hummingbird, Saucerottia edward
Steely-vented Hummingbird, Saucerottia saucerottei
Indigo-capped Hummingbird, Saucerottia cyanifrons
Chestnut-bellied Hummingbird, Saucerottia castaneiventris
Green-bellied Hummingbird, Saucerottia viridigaster
Copper-rumped Hummingbird, Saucerottia tobaci
Cinnamon Hummingbird, Amazilia rutila
Buff-bellied Hummingbird, Amazilia yucatanensis
Rufous-tailed Hummingbird, Amazilia tzacatl
Amazilia Hummingbird, Chrysuronia amazilia
Andean Emerald, Chrysuronia franciae
Versicolored Emerald, Chrysuronia versicolor
Shining-green Hummingbird, Chrysuronia goudoti
Golden-tailed Sapphire, Chrysuronia oenone
Sapphire-throated Hummingbird, Chrysuronia coeruleogularis
Sapphire-bellied Hummingbird, Chrysuronia lilliae
Humboldt's Sapphire, Chrysuronia humboldtii
Blue-headed Sapphire, Chrysuronia grayi
White-chested Emerald, Chrysuronia brevirostris
Plain-bellied Emerald, Chrysuronia leucogaster
White-throated Hummingbird, Leucochloris albicollis
Glittering-throated Emerald, Hylocharis fimbriata
Sapphire-spangled Emerald, Hylocharis lactea
Rufous-throated Sapphire, Hylocharis sapphirina
Gilded Hummingbird / Gilded Sapphire, Hylocharis chrysura
White-bellied Hummingbird, Hylocharis chionogaster
Green-and-white Hummingbird, Hylocharis viridicauda
Honduran Emerald, Polyerata luciae
Mangrove Hummingbird, Polyerata boucardi
Purple-chested Hummingbird, Polyerata rosenbergi
Blue-chested Hummingbird, Polyerata amabilis
Charming Hummingbird, Polyerata decora
White-bellied Emerald, Chlorestes candida
Blue-throated Goldentail / Blue-throated Sapphire, Chlorestes eliciae
White-chinned Sapphire, Chlorestes cyanus
Violet-bellied Hummingbird, Chlorestes julie
Blue-chinned Sapphire, Chlorestes notata

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STRISORES II

Apodiformes

Strisores